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Thomas Jefferson to John Taylor, 4 June 1798
Thomas Jefferson to John Taylor, 4 June 1798
Jefferson's reference to the Federalists of the 1790s as a "reign of witches" can be found in this letter, along with the hope that, with patience, their luck will turn
a little patience and we shall see the reign of witches pass over, their spells dissolve, and the people recovering their true sight, restore their government to it’s true principles. it is true that in the mean time we are suffering deeply in spirit, and incurring the horrors of a war, & long oppressions of enormous public debt.
if the game runs sometimes against us at home, we must have patience, till luck turns, & then we shall have an opportunity of winning5 back the principles we have lost. for this is a game where principles are the stake. better luck therefore to us all, and health happiness & friendly salutations to yourself. Adieu.
·founders.archives.gov·
Thomas Jefferson to John Taylor, 4 June 1798
Madison Hemings Interview — Thomas Jefferson Heritage Society
Madison Hemings Interview — Thomas Jefferson Heritage Society
This is the text of the statement of Madison Hemmings, the son of Thomas Jefferson and Sarah Hemmings. It first appeared in a newspapers in 1873, but awareness of it faded, most historians were not aware of its existence until after the 1950s
·tjheritage.org·
Madison Hemings Interview — Thomas Jefferson Heritage Society
The historical audacity of the Louisiana Purchase - Judy Walton | TED-Ed
The historical audacity of the Louisiana Purchase - Judy Walton | TED-Ed
When the French offered up the Louisiana Territory, Thomas Jefferson knew this real estate deal was too good to pass up. How did the President justify the purchase that doubled the size of the United States? Judy Walton provides President Jefferson's reasoning.
·ed.ted.com·
The historical audacity of the Louisiana Purchase - Judy Walton | TED-Ed
To Francis Hopkinson Paris, Mar. 13, 1789 The Letters of Thomas Jefferson 1743-1826 Thomas Jefferson Presidents American History From Revolution To Reconstruction and beyond
To Francis Hopkinson Paris, Mar. 13, 1789 The Letters of Thomas Jefferson 1743-1826 Thomas Jefferson Presidents American History From Revolution To Reconstruction and beyond
Jefferson shares his opinions on the Constitution - yet this letter also includes Jefferson's famous quote about political parties.
I am not a Federalist, because I never submitted the whole system of my opinions to the creed of any party of men whatever in religion, in philosophy, in politics, or in anything else where I was capable of thinking for myself. Such an addiction is the last degradation of a free and moral agent. If I could not go to heaven but with a party, I would not go there at all.
My great wish is to go on in a strict but silent performance of my duty; to avoid attracting notice & to keep my name out of newspapers, because I find the pain of a little censure, even when it is unfounded, is more acute than the pleasure of much praise.
How different is this sentiment from anything seen in the public sphere in the early 21st Century?
·let.rug.nl·
To Francis Hopkinson Paris, Mar. 13, 1789 The Letters of Thomas Jefferson 1743-1826 Thomas Jefferson Presidents American History From Revolution To Reconstruction and beyond
Extract from Thomas Jefferson to Joel Yancey, 17 Jan. 1819 [Quote] | Jefferson Quotes & Family Letters
Extract from Thomas Jefferson to Joel Yancey, 17 Jan. 1819 [Quote] | Jefferson Quotes & Family Letters
In this letter Thomas Jefferson explains how a female slave is worth more in her ability to provide "increase" (more slaves) to be of greater value than the work she can perform. Teachers and students have to determine the degree to which they will consider these views in the context of his time and a universal moral standard.
I consider the labor of a breeding woman as no object, and that a child raised every 2. years is <span class="ptj-add">of</span> more profit than the crop of the best laboring <span class="ptj-del">[. . .]</span> <span class="ptj-add">man</span>. in this, as in all other cases, providence has made our interests &amp; our duties coincide perfectly. women too are destroyed by exposure to wet at certain periodical indispositions to which nature has subjected them. with respect therefore to our women &amp; their children I must pray you to inculcate upon the overseers that it is not their labor, but their increase which is the first consideration with us.
·tjrs.monticello.org·
Extract from Thomas Jefferson to Joel Yancey, 17 Jan. 1819 [Quote] | Jefferson Quotes & Family Letters
Thomas Jefferson to Francis C. Gray, 4 March 1815
Thomas Jefferson to Francis C. Gray, 4 March 1815
In this letter, Jefferson shows the process through which he can calculate the "whiteness" of successive generations of children borne by white fathers and black mothers (ie slave owners and their slaves). By this math, he can argue that the seven children he had with his slave Sally Hemmings were white. Yet this also means that his seven children borne of a slave count as 4 and 2/10s white people toward the calculation of Virginia's representation in Congress.
·founders.archives.gov·
Thomas Jefferson to Francis C. Gray, 4 March 1815
The Press, the Propagandists, and the Election of 1800 | The New Yorker
The Press, the Propagandists, and the Election of 1800 | The New Yorker
Instead of having students read the textbook for a explanation of the election of 1800 - why not have them read this article from the New Yorker? It includes many quotes from newspapers of the time and provides a much more visceral illustration of the election than anything that can be found in any textbook. Teachers fielding any complaints about using "The New Yorker" can ask those who raise such concerns to search the author's name.
·newyorker.com·
The Press, the Propagandists, and the Election of 1800 | The New Yorker
From Alexander Hamilton to John Jay, 7 May 1800
From Alexander Hamilton to John Jay, 7 May 1800
Efforts by the Republican led legislature of Wisconsin to rip the incoming Democratic governor of power are not so much of an aberration when compared to Hamilton's efforts to overturn the electoral vote of the State of New York in the election of 1800. If students can't recognize the subtlety of that connection, they should at least be exposed to the language Hamilton uses to describe Jefferson
The moral certainty therefore is that there will be an Anti-fœderal Majority in the Ensuing Legislature, and this very high probability is that this will bring <span style="font-style: italic">Jefferson</span> into the Chief Magistracy; unless it be prevented by the measure which I shall now submit to your <a id="ARHN-01-24-02-pb-0465"></a>consideration, namely the immediate calling together of the existing Legislature.
They ought not to hinder the taking of a <span style="font-style: italic">legal</span> and <span style="font-style: italic">constitutional</span> step, to prevent an <span style="font-style: italic">Atheist</span> in Religion and a <span style="font-style: italic">Fanatic</span> in politics from getting possession of the helm of the State.
In weighing this suggestion you will doubtless bear in mind that Popular Governments must certainly be overturned &amp; while they endure prove engines of mischief—if one party will call to its aid all the resources which <span style="font-style: italic">Vice</span> can give and if the other, however pressing the emergency, confines itself within all the ordinary forms of delicacy and decorum.
·founders.archives.gov·
From Alexander Hamilton to John Jay, 7 May 1800
Thomas Jefferson and Sally Hemings: The Search for Truth - WallBuilders
Thomas Jefferson and Sally Hemings: The Search for Truth - WallBuilders
Teachers can share this article with students and ask them to draw conclusions first from looking at the site and the url. Is there anything about both that telegraphs the thesis - what about the title. Teachers can use this site to show the means through which historical understandings that have become commonly accepted by a broad cross-section of the professionally accredited and respected academic community of historians can still be questioned. Why does this type of writing work to convince the reader of an untruth?
·wallbuilders.com·
Thomas Jefferson and Sally Hemings: The Search for Truth - WallBuilders
To Edward Coles, Monticello, August 25, 1814 The Letters of Thomas Jefferson 1743-1826 Thomas Jefferson Presidents American History From Revolution To Reconstruction and beyond
To Edward Coles, Monticello, August 25, 1814 The Letters of Thomas Jefferson 1743-1826 Thomas Jefferson Presidents American History From Revolution To Reconstruction and beyond
Jefferson explains why slavery is wrong, but at the same time he believes that any women who has a chided with a black man should be banished from the state
Mine on the subject of slavery of negroes have long since been in possession of the public, and time has only served to give them stronger root. The love of justice and the love of country plead equally the cause of these people, and it is a moral reproach to us that they should have pleaded it so long in vain, and should have produced not a single effort, nay I fear not much serious willingness to relieve them &amp; ourselves from our present condition of moral &amp; political reprobation.
Jefferson was against slavery in 1814
Their amalgamation with the other color produces a degradation to which no lover of his country, no lover of excellence in the human character can innocently consent
·let.rug.nl·
To Edward Coles, Monticello, August 25, 1814 The Letters of Thomas Jefferson 1743-1826 Thomas Jefferson Presidents American History From Revolution To Reconstruction and beyond
From Thomas Jefferson to John Wayles Eppes, 30 June 1820
From Thomas Jefferson to John Wayles Eppes, 30 June 1820
John Wayles Eppes is both Jefferson's nephew (because Eppes is the son of Jefferson's wife's sister) and his son-in-law (Eppes married Jefferson's daughter) [Yes, Eppes married his first cousin]. It is this relationship that Jefferson refers to when he considers selling negros to Eppes, because that keeps them "in the family". Teachers may use this letter for its shock value - in that Jefferson seems to casually explain the economics of slave women as compared to men.
I know no error more consuming to an estate than that of stocking farms with men almost exclusively. I consider a woman who brings a child every two years as more profitable than the best man of the farm.
I consider a woman who brings a child every two years as more profitable than the best man of the farm.<span class="diigoHighlightCommentLocator"><div class="diigoIcon id_d57c00d9d12f9c84d367b78971961375 type_9 TextIcon yellow" title="" style="bottom: 0px;"></div></span><span class="diigoHighlightCommentLocator"></span> what she produces is an addition to the capital, while his labors disappear in mere consumption.
·founders.archives.gov·
From Thomas Jefferson to John Wayles Eppes, 30 June 1820
To John Adams from Thomas Jefferson, 11 January 1817
To John Adams from Thomas Jefferson, 11 January 1817
A letter from one friend to another, talking of their loves of his books and Jefferson's own "drudging at the writing table". But Jefferson's words on religion at the end of the letter might be important also - his creed is his own.
I am drudging at the writing table
say nothing of my religion. it is known to my god and myself alone. it’s evidence before the world is to be sought in my life. if that has been <span style="font-style: italic">honest and dutiful to society</span>, the religion which has regulated it cannot be a bad one.”
·founders.archives.gov·
To John Adams from Thomas Jefferson, 11 January 1817
Report of the Research Committee on Thomas Jefferson and Sally Hemings | Thomas Jefferson's Monticello
Report of the Research Committee on Thomas Jefferson and Sally Hemings | Thomas Jefferson's Monticello
This is the definitive study into the relationship between Thomas Jefferson and Sally Hemmings. Any teacher or student looking at this information should consider the fact that Jefferson was 44 years old at the time of his first fathering of a child with Sally Hemmings. She was 14 years old
·monticello.org·
Report of the Research Committee on Thomas Jefferson and Sally Hemings | Thomas Jefferson's Monticello
Statement on the TJMF Research Committee Report on Thomas Jefferson and Sally Hemings.
Statement on the TJMF Research Committee Report on Thomas Jefferson and Sally Hemings.
There is a deep record of research, speculation and popular depictions of Jefferson and Hemmings in popular literature, film and documentaries. If the subject ever comes up in class, or better yet, if teachers include this story in their teaching, students should be directed to this document - not as definitive per se, but as an example of exceptional historical research and scholarship
·monticello.org·
Statement on the TJMF Research Committee Report on Thomas Jefferson and Sally Hemings.
Presidential Election of 1800: A Resource Guide (Virtual Programs & Services, Library of Congress)
Presidential Election of 1800: A Resource Guide (Virtual Programs & Services, Library of Congress)
Most students would be shocked to hear of the charges of each side in the election of 1800, or how difficult it was to determine the victor. Here is a collection of primary source documents (letters, newspapers, etc) related to that election
·loc.gov·
Presidential Election of 1800: A Resource Guide (Virtual Programs & Services, Library of Congress)
From Thomas Jefferson to James Madison, 23 August 1799
From Thomas Jefferson to James Madison, 23 August 1799
How many teachers know that Jefferson wrote Madison that if they could not get the Congress to listen to the Virginia and Kentucky Resolves that they would take Virginia and other states out of the United States. Jefferson himself was threatening secession decades before the Civil War
fully confident that the good sense of the American people and their attachment to those very rights which we are now vindicating will, before it shall be too late, rally with us round the true principles of our federal compact; but determined, were we to be disappointed in this, to sever ourselves from that union we so much value, rather than give up the rights of self government which we have reserved, &amp; in which alone we see liberty, safety &amp; happiness.
·founders.archives.gov·
From Thomas Jefferson to James Madison, 23 August 1799
The 1827 Monticello Dispersal Sale | Thomas Jefferson's Monticello
The 1827 Monticello Dispersal Sale | Thomas Jefferson's Monticello
This 3 minute video produced by the Thomas Jefferson Foundation describes the estate sale of 1827 after Jefferson's death, at which his possessions, including 130 enslaved people were sold at auction. Contextual information regarding trusts and estates, Jefferson's insolvency at the end of his life should only take a few minutes to prepare students for this video. This raises questions of memory and how to understand both Jefferson's contributions to this country and his personal life and the hundreds of other who he owned. This video should be viewed with https://www.monticello.org/slaveauction/
·monticello.org·
The 1827 Monticello Dispersal Sale | Thomas Jefferson's Monticello
From Thomas Jefferson to James Madison, 8 December 1784
From Thomas Jefferson to James Madison, 8 December 1784
Jefferson though that Patrick Henry was such a gifted orator that he could prevent the adoption of the Constitution. He wrote to Madison saying that all they could do was pray for Henry to die.
The proposition for a Convention has had the result I expected. If one could be obtained I do not know whether it would not do more harm than good.
<span style="font-style: italic">While<a class="ptr" id="TSJN-01-07-0425-fn-0003-ptr" href="#TSJN-01-07-0425-fn-0003" title="jump to note 3">3</a> Mr. Henry lives</span> another bad constitution would be formed, and saddled for ever on us. What we have to do I think is <span style="font-style: italic">devoutly to pray</span> for <span style="font-style: italic">his death</span>,
·founders.archives.gov·
From Thomas Jefferson to James Madison, 8 December 1784
From Thomas Jefferson to St. George Tucker, 28 August 1797
From Thomas Jefferson to St. George Tucker, 28 August 1797
This shows the extent of fear generated by the slave revolt in San Domangue. It also shows Jefferson wish to send all of the Africans back to Africa
Whither shall the coloured emigrants go? And the sooner we put some plan under way, the greater hope there is that it may be permitted to proceed peaceably to it’s ultimate effect. But if something is not done, and soon done, we shall be the murderers of our own children.
the revolutionary storm now sweeping the globe will be upon us,
·founders.archives.gov·
From Thomas Jefferson to St. George Tucker, 28 August 1797
From Thomas Jefferson to Francis Hopkinson, 13 March 1789
From Thomas Jefferson to Francis Hopkinson, 13 March 1789
Jefferson's famous quote about political parties is in a letter which says a great deal more - this is that letter. This shows how a quote can be taken out of context to prove a point, yet be invalid
My opinion was never worthy enough of notice to merit citing:<a class="ptr" id="TSJN-01-14-0427-fn-0002-ptr" href="#TSJN-01-14-0427-fn-0002" title="jump to note 2">2</a> but since you ask it I will tell it you.
If I could not go to heaven but with a party, I would not go there at all.
My great wish is to go on in a strict but silent performance of my duty: to avoid attracting notice and to keep my name out of newspapers, because I find the pain of a little censure, even when it is unfounded, is more acute than the pleasure of much praise.
·founders.archives.gov·
From Thomas Jefferson to Francis Hopkinson, 13 March 1789
From Thomas Jefferson to Maria Cosway, 24 April 1788
From Thomas Jefferson to Maria Cosway, 24 April 1788
In this letter to a married woman Jefferson was smitten with in his time in France, he writes to her of a painting he's seen that he thought was "delicious". The painting portrays the biblical story of Sarah presenting her husband Abraham with a slave girl, Hagar. This seems oddly coincidental given Jefferson's subsequent relationship with Sally Hemings
His picture of Sarah delivering Agar to Abraham is delicious. I would have agreed to have been Abraham though the consequence would have been that I should have been dead five or six thousand years
·founders.archives.gov·
From Thomas Jefferson to Maria Cosway, 24 April 1788