02: Revolutionary America

02: Revolutionary America

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The Midnight Ride of Paul Revere: Literature v. History | Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History
The Midnight Ride of Paul Revere: Literature v. History | Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History
Detailed lesson plan with links to resources that guide students in a comparison between the iconic poem and the historical record (as recorded in a letter by Paul Revere recounting the ride). Teachers can explore adding an extension piece that explores the context of the period in which it was written and the intentions of Longfellow in writing it, as much as they can be knowm.
·gilderlehrman.org·
The Midnight Ride of Paul Revere: Literature v. History | Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History
Slavery-entangled philosophy | Aeon
Slavery-entangled philosophy | Aeon
John Locke is a staple of Civics and US History classes. Teachers who like to confront students with counter-narratives, like Locke's support for slavery in drafting the constitutions of the Carolinas should read this more fully extended narrative which explains how Locke served in that role.
·aeon.co·
Slavery-entangled philosophy | Aeon
George Washington's Dog's names - recorded in his diary - Observations [May 1768] - (He had a dog named "Drunkard")
George Washington's Dog's names - recorded in his diary - Observations [May 1768] - (He had a dog named "Drunkard")
Perhaps 5th grade teachers shouldn't share all of the names George Washington used to name his dogs, but this shows how useful a diary is to learn about the past.
·founders.archives.gov·
George Washington's Dog's names - recorded in his diary - Observations [May 1768] - (He had a dog named "Drunkard")
How the Lowly Mosquito Helped America Win Independence | Science | Smithsonian
How the Lowly Mosquito Helped America Win Independence | Science | Smithsonian
You won't find this on any teacher's list of "reasons for Patriot victory", but clearly there's an exceptionally strong argument that is a primary cause of Cornwallis's surrender. What is more important to learn - the causes for the surrender, or the fact that we've never acknowledged one of them?
. Some 51 percent of his men were too sick to stand duty, unable to conduct the counter-siege operations that Cornwallis knew were required. American and French forces penned the troops in until Cornwallis surrendered in October, which in effect decided the outcome of the American Revolution. 
·smithsonianmag.com·
How the Lowly Mosquito Helped America Win Independence | Science | Smithsonian
A Conversation on Slavery, 26 January 1770 - Ben Franklin
A Conversation on Slavery, 26 January 1770 - Ben Franklin
In this fictional conversation between an American and an Englishman, Ben Franklin has his "American" explain to the Englishman that slavery in England is worse than slavery in America. He is referring to English soldiers - who are forced into the army and must kill. Franklin claims that an American slave is not forced to commit murder
·founders.archives.gov·
A Conversation on Slavery, 26 January 1770 - Ben Franklin
Letter from Abigail Adams to John Adams, 22 September 1774
Letter from Abigail Adams to John Adams, 22 September 1774
Abigail Adams tells her husband of colonists training for war seven months before Lexington and Concord. She also tells him of a "conspiracy of Negros" while asking why it is colonists can fight for their own freedom while enslaving others.
Next tuesday they are warned at Braintree all above 15 and under 60 to attend with their arms, and to train once a fortnight from that time, is a Scheme which lays much at heart with many.
It <span title="always">allways</span> <span title="appeared">appeard</span> a most iniquitious Scheme to me-fight ourselfs for what we are daily robbing and plundering from those who have as good a right to freedom as we have. You know my mind upon this Subject.
·masshist.org·
Letter from Abigail Adams to John Adams, 22 September 1774
Taxation No Tyranny - Samuel Johnson 1775
Taxation No Tyranny - Samuel Johnson 1775
Teachers looking for a Tory or British perspective can find many quotes here to use with students.
The Americans, when the stamp act was first proposed, undoubtedly disliked it, as every nation dislikes an impost; but they had no thought of resisting it, till they were encouraged and incited by European intelligence, from men whom they thought their friends, but who were friends only to themselves.
Is Sam Johnson complaining that the Stamp Act resistance was incited by foreign influence? This could be like the Russian meddling in the 2016 election. Would France or Spain want colonists to resist Britain?
If slavery be thus fatally contagious, how is it that we hear the loudest yelps for liberty among the drivers of negroes?
<p>The time is now, perhaps, at hand, which sir Thomas Browne predicted, between jest and earnest: </p><blockquote> <p>"When America should no more send out her treasure,<br> But spend it at home in American pleasure."</p></blockquote>
How would students react to this? Are the patriots fighting for liberty - or just to keep their own money to spend it on their pleasure?
·samueljohnson.com·
Taxation No Tyranny - Samuel Johnson 1775
Boston Tea Party Debate | C-SPAN.org
Boston Tea Party Debate | C-SPAN.org
On the anniversary of the Boston Tea Party, re-enactors and observers recreated the debate that took place in the Old South Meeting House, blocks away from Griffin’s Wharf. On December 16, 1773 thousands of Massachusetts colonists gathered at Old South Meeting House in Boston to discuss a shipment of tea that had recently arrived in port from Britain. The arrival of the tea escalated an already existing debate over the new tea tax, and the Sons of Liberty led an effort to protest the King’s new measure. After the debate, colonists marched to Griffin’s Wharf and dumped the tea into Boston Harbo
·c-span.org·
Boston Tea Party Debate | C-SPAN.org
Avalon Project - Articles of Confederation : March 1, 1781
Avalon Project - Articles of Confederation : March 1, 1781
If any person guilty of, or charged with, treason, felony, or other high misdemeanor in any State, shall flee from justice, and be found in any of the United States, he shall, upon demand of the Governor or executive power of the State from which he fled, be delivered up and removed to the State having jurisdiction of his offense.
·avalon.law.yale.edu·
Avalon Project - Articles of Confederation : March 1, 1781
From James Madison to Joseph Jones, 28 November 1780
From James Madison to Joseph Jones, 28 November 1780
Many recognize this as the first reference of James Madison to slavery - in this letter suggesting that the colonies enlist black soldiers in the Continental Army
would it not be as well to liberate and make soldiers at once of the blacks themselves as to make them instruments for enlisting white Soldiers? It wd. certainly be more consonant to the principles of liberty which ought never to be lost sight of in a contest for liberty,
·founders.archives.gov·
From James Madison to Joseph Jones, 28 November 1780
Plaster soldier calls attention to race and the Revolutionary War
Plaster soldier calls attention to race and the Revolutionary War
This short story of the creation of the mannequins used in Philadelphia's Museum of the American Revolution illustrates the way the present makes understanding of the past. This reflects American's growing understanding of an element of the American Revolution that was ignored in popular understanding of the War for centuries, despite all of the evidence in the historical record
·allarts.org·
Plaster soldier calls attention to race and the Revolutionary War
A Look Back … The Story of Nathan Hale — Central Intelligence Agency
A Look Back … The Story of Nathan Hale — Central Intelligence Agency
The taught narrative canon casts Nathan Hale as the American hero, who inspired patriots to fight for their freedom, regretting that he "only had one life to give" for his country. The problem with this is finding evidence that he said that and that other colonials heard he said than and, third, that they were inspired by it. This CIA article provides some of the leads someone could follow to find out just what happened to him, just what he said and whether anyone else even knew he said that
·cia.gov·
A Look Back … The Story of Nathan Hale — Central Intelligence Agency
Evaluating Evidence: Primary Materials and the Lifelong Value of the Humanities (A Conversation with Professor Joanne B. Freeman) | Readex
Evaluating Evidence: Primary Materials and the Lifelong Value of the Humanities (A Conversation with Professor Joanne B. Freeman) | Readex
5 minutes of Yale professor Joanne Freeman explains why she feels that primary document research is at the heart of the historical discipline. Although this is an advertisement for a commercial product, it provides a real historian's view of primary sources. If students know the human side of what they are doing, they may be better situated to see the value in it
·youtube.com·
Evaluating Evidence: Primary Materials and the Lifelong Value of the Humanities (A Conversation with Professor Joanne B. Freeman) | Readex
Massachusetts House of Representatives 1775 - smallpox quarantine
Massachusetts House of Representatives 1775 - smallpox quarantine
While the British army was trapped and surrounded in the city of Boston by George Washington and the newly formed Continental Army, the Massachusetts House of Representatives were ready to take in some of the residents of Boston, except those who had small pox. Those would be sent to quarantine houses in Salem
·books.google.com·
Massachusetts House of Representatives 1775 - smallpox quarantine